tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49416234813551205572024-03-13T23:52:00.982-07:00Sistem Koloidzizigghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07412077352119954745noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4941623481355120557.post-44053451257620411592011-08-01T10:21:00.000-07:002011-08-01T10:21:46.746-07:00Sistem Koloid<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KATA PENGANTAR</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Segala puji bagi Tuhan yang telah menolong hamba-Nya menyelesaikan makalah ini dengan penuh kemudahan. Tanpa pertolongan Dia mungkin penyusun tidak akan sanggup menyelesaikan dengan baik. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karya tulis </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ini disusun agar pembaca dapat memperluas ilmu tentang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ilmu kimia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, yang kami sajikan berdasarkan pengamatan dari berbagai sumber. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karya tulis </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ini di susun oleh penyusun dengan berbagai rintangan. Baik itu yang datang dari diri penyusun maupun yang datang dari luar. Namun dengan penuh kesabaran dan terutama pertolongan dari Tuhan akhirnya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karya tulis </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ini dapat terselesaikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karya tulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ini memuat tentang “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem Koloid”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Walaupun </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karya tulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ini mungkin kurang sempurna tapi juga memiliki detail yang cukup jelas bagi pembaca.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penyusun juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada guru </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kimia, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yaitu </span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nurhayati</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang telah membimbing penyusun agar dapat mengerti tentang bagaimana cara kami menyusun karya tulis ilmiah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Semoga </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karya tulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih luas kepada pembaca. Walaupun </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karya tulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ini memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Penyusun mohon untuk saran dan kritiknya. Terima kasih.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Banda Aceh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">12 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mei <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2011<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 297.7pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penyusun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DAFTAR ISI<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KATA PENGANTAR……………………………………………………………...<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>i<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DAFTAR ISI………………………………………………………………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ii<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SISTEM KOLOID…………………………………………………………………<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KOMPONEN DAN PENGELOMPOKAN SISTEM KOLOID<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem Koloid...………..………………………………………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jenis-jenis Koloid..…………...…………………………………………<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid dalam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Industri……………..……………………………………<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>5<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SIFAT-SIFAT KOLOID…………………………………...........................<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Efek Tyndall ……………………………………………………………<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gerak Brown ……………………………………………………….........<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Elektroforesis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">…………………………………………………………...<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Absorpsi………………………………………………………………....<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>7</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Koagulasi………………………………………………………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>8<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Koloid Liofil dan Koloid Liofob…………………………...…………....<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>9<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dialisis…………………………………………………………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>9<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Koloid Pelindung………………………………………………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>10<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PEMBUATAN SISTEM KOLOID………………………………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>11<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Cara Kondensasi………………………………………………………...<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>11<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Cara Dispersi……………………………………………………………<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>13<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 14.0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PROSES PENJERNIHAN AIR …………………………………………...<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>16<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA………………………………………………………………<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>17</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SISTEM KOLOID<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem koloid berhubungan dengan proses – prose di alam yang mencakup berbagai bidang. Hal itu dapat kita perhatikan di dalam tubuh makhluk hidup, yaitu makanan yang kita makan (dalam ukuran besar) sebelum digunakan oleh tubuh. Namun lebih dahulu diproses sehingga berbentuk koloid. Juga protoplasma dalam sel – sel makhluk hidup merupakan suatu koloid sehingga proses – proses dalam sel melibatkan sitem koloid.</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.55pt;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari ini, sering kita temui beberapa produk yang merupakan campuran dari beberapa zat, tetapi zat tersebut dapat bercampur secara merata/ homogen. Misalnya saja saat ibu membuatkan susu untuk adik, serbuk/ tepung susu bercampur secara merata dengan air panas. Kemudian, es krim yang biasa dikonsumsi oleh orang mempunyai rasa yang beragam, es krim tersebut haruslah disimpan dalam lemari es agar tidak meleleh. Kesemuanya merupakan contoh koloid.</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.55pt;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Udara mengandung juga sistem koloid, misalnya polutan padat yang terdispersi (tercampur) dalam udara, yaitu asap dan debu. Juga air yang terdispersi dalam udara yang disebut kabut merupakan sistem koloid. Mineral – mineral yang terdispersi dalam tanah, yang dibutuhkan oleh tumbuh – tumbuhan juga merupakan koloid. Penggunaan sabun untuk mandi dan mencuci berfungsi untuk membentuk koloid antara air dengan kotoran yang melekat (minyak). Campuran logam selenium dengan kaca lampu belakang mobil yang menghasilkan cahaya warna merah merupakan sistem koloid.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KOMPONEN DAN PENGELOMPOKAN <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SISTEM KOLOID<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Sistem Koloid</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apakah sistem koloid itu? Untuk dapat memahami tentang sistem koloid perhatikanlah campuran berikut ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Gula dicampurkan dengan air<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gula yang dicampur dengan air menghasilkan campuran yang jernih, yaitu air gula. Pada campuran air gula ini zat gula sudah tidak tampak lagi dalam campuran itu. Hal ini berarti, gula bercampur dengan air secara merata (homogen). Campuran seperti ini disebut <i>larutan.</i> Dalam larutan tersebut, air merupakan <i>pelarut</i> dan gula sebagai <i>zat terlarut.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Susu dicampurkan dengan air<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Susu yang dicampurkan dengan air akan menghasilkan campuran yang keruh. Campuran susu dengan air ini sepintas memberi kesan merupakan campuran homogen. Ternyata, susu setelah dicampur dengan air masih terlihat bisa dibedakan antara susu dengan air. Campuran seperti inilah yang disebut <i>koloid.</i> Campuran koloid merupakan bentuk <i>(fase)</i> peralihan antara campuran homogen menjadi campuran heterogen.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Tanah liat dicampurkan dengan air<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hasil campuran tanah liat dengan air adalah suatu campuran yang tidak dapat merata (heterogen). Dengan mudah mata kita dapat membedakan antara tanah liat dengan air, dan hasih campuran tersebut; karena jika campuran tersebut didiamkan, maka tanah liat akan terpisah dari air. Campuran seperti inilah yang disebut <i>suspensi.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk lebih jelas melihat perbedaan antara larutan, koloid, dan suspensi perhatikanlah Tabel berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tabel 1.</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Perbedaan Larutan, Koloid, dan Suspensi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 14.35pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.55pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">NO<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Larutan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Suspensi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1 fase<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2 fase<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2 fase<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">jernih<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">keruh<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">keruh<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">homogen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">antara homogen dan heterogen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">heterogen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 33.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 33.85pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.85pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">diameter partikel<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">< 1 nm<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.85pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">diameter partikel:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1 nm < d < 100 nm<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.85pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">diameter partikel:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">> 100 nm<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 3.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak dapat disaring<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak dapat disaring dengan penyaring biasa<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat disaring<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 3.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak memisah jika didiamkan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak memisah jika didiamkan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memisah jika didiamkan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 3.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 36.0pt;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.35pt;" valign="top" width="160"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: larutan gula, larutan garam, larutan alkohol, larutan cuka, larutan gas dalam udara, larutan zat yang digunakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam laboratorium dan industri<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: susu, kanji, cat, asap, kabut, buih sabun, dan busa<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.4pt;" valign="top" width="161"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: campuran pasir dengan air, air dengan kopi, minyak dengan air, tanah liat dengan air<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari beberapa keterangan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa koloid adalah larutan yang berada di antara larutan dan suspensi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jenis-Jenis Koloid</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Di atas telah kita bahas perbedaan antara larutan, koloid, dan suspensi. Sekarang kita akan mempelajari jenis-jenis koloid. Kita telah melihat bahwa sistem koloid terdiri atas dua fase (bentuk). Hal itu yang disebut</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">komponen-komponen koloid</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fase zat terdispersi, yaitu zat yang fasenya berubah; kecuali jika zat yang dicampur mempunyai fase yang sama.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fase zat pendispersi (fase medium), yaitu zat yang mempunyai fase yang tetap pada sistem koloidnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika dua zat yang fasenya berbeda atau sama membentuk koloid, maka diperoleh suatu koloid yang mempunyai fase yang sama dengan fase salah satu zat yang dicampurkan. Berdasarkan pengertian ini, maka suatu koloid dapat ditentukan <i>fase pendispersi</i> dan <i>fase terdispersinya</i> .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berdasarkan fase zat terdispersi, sistem koloid terbagi atas 3 bagian besar, yaitu sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Koloid sol<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid sol</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat terdispersinya berfase padat.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berdasarkan fase mediumnya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">k</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">oloid sol dibagi menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu sebagai berikut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol padat (padat-padat)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol padat</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah jenis koloid dengan zat fase padat terdispersi dalam zat fase padat. Contoh: logam paduan, kaca berwarna, intan hitam, dan baja.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol cair (padat-cair)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol cair</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> atau disebut sol saja adalah jenis koloid dengan zat fase padat terdispersi dalam zat fase cair. Artinya, zat terdispersi berfase padat dan zat pendispersi (medium) berfase cair. Contoh: cat, tinta, dan kanji.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol gas (padat-gas)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol gas (aerosol padat)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat fase padat terdispersi dalam zat fase gas. Artinya, zat terdispersi berfase padat dan zat pendispersi (medium) berfase gas. Contoh: asap dan debu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Emulsi<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Emulsi</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat terdispersinya berfase cair.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berdasarkan fase mediumnya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">k</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">oloid emulsi dibagi menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Emulsi padat (cair-padat)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Emulsi padat (gel)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat fase cair terdispersi dalam zat fase padat. Artinya, zat terdispersi berfase cair dan zat pendispersi (medium) berfase padat. Contoh: mentega, keju, jeli, dan mutiara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Emulsi cair (cair-cair)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Emulsi cair (emulsi)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat fase cair terdispersi dalam zat fase cair. Artinya, zat terdispersi berfase cair dan zat pendispersi (medium) berfase cair. Contoh: susu, minyak ikan, dan santan kelapa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Emulsi gas (cair-gas)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Emulsi gas (aerosol cair)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat fase cair terdispersi dalam zat fase gas. Artinya, zat terdispersi berfase cair dan zat pendispersi (medium) berfase gas. Contoh: insektisida (semprot), kabut, dan <i>hair spray</i> .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Buih<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Buih</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat terdispersinya berfase gas. Berdasarkan fase mediumnya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">k</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">oloid buih dibedakan menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu sebagai berikut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Buih padat (gas-padat)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Buih padat</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat fase gas terdispersi dalam zat fase padat. Artinya, zat terdispersi berfase gas dan zat pendispersi (medium) berfase padat. Contoh: busa pada jok mobil dan batu apung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Buih cair (gas-cair)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Buih cair (buih)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah koloid dengan zat fase gas terdispersi dalam zat fase cair. Artinya, zat terdispersi berfase gas dan zat pendispersi (medium) berfase cair. Contoh: buih sabun, buih soda, dan krim kocok.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk zat berfase gas terdispersi dalam zat berfase gas bukan merupakan koloid, melainkan merupakan larutan. Contohnya, larutan-larutan dalam udara bersih.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Koloid dalam Industri</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.3pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid merupakan satu-satunya bentuk campuran bukan larutan yang komposisinya (susunannya) merata dan stabil (tidak memisah jika didiamkan). Pada umumnya, produk industri untuk kebutuhan manusia dibuat dalam bentuk koloid. Koloid sangat diperlukan dalam industri cat, keramik, plastik, tekstil, kertas, karet, lem, semen, tinta, kulit, film foto, bumbu selada, mentega, keju, makanan, kosmetika, pelumas, sabun, obat semprot insektisida, detergen, selai, gel, perekat, dan sejumlah besar produk-produk industri lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SIFAT-SIFAT KOLOID<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Efek Tyndall<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cara yang paling mudah untuk membedakan suatu campuran merupakan larutan, koloid, atau suspensi adalah menggunakan sifat <i>efek Tyndall</i> . Jika seberkas cahaya dilewatkan melalui suatu sistem koloid, maka berkas cahaya tersebut kelihatan dengan jelas. Hal itu disebabkan penghamburan cahaya oleh partikel-partikel koloid. Gejala seperti itulah yang disebut efek Tyndall koloid.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Istilah efek Tyndall didasarkan pada nama penemunya, yaitu John Tyndall (1820-1893) seorang ahli fisika Inggris. John Tyndall berhasil menerangkan bahwa langit berwarna biru disebabkan karena penghamburan cahaya pada daerah panjang gelombang biru oleh partikel-partikel oksigen dan nitrogen di udara. Berbeda jika berkas cahaya dilewatkan melalui larutan, nyatanya berkas cahaya seluruhnya dilewatkan. Akan tetapi, jika berkas cahaya tersebut dilewatkan melalui suspensi, maka berkas cahaya tersebut seluruhnya tertahan dalam suspensi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Gerak Brown<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan menggunakan mikroskop ultra (mikroskop optik yang digunakan untuk melihat partikel yang sangat kecil) partikel-partikel koloid tampak bergerak terus-menerus, gerakannya patah-patah (zig-zag), dan arahnya tidak menentu. Gerak sembarang seperti ini disebut gerak Brown. Gerak Brown ditemukan oleh seorang ahli biologi berkebangsaan Inggris, Robert Brown ( 1773 – 1858), pada tahun 1827.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gerak Brown terjadi akibat adanya tumbukan yang tidak seimbang antara partikel-partikel koloid dengan molekul-molekul pendispersinya. Gerak Brown akan makin cepat, jika partikel-partikel koloid makin kecil. Gerak Brown adalah bukti dari teori kinetik molekul.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Elektroforesis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid ada yang netral dan ada yang bermuatan listrik. Bagaimana mengetahui suatu koloid bermuatan listrik atau tidak? Dan mengapa koloid bermuatan listrik?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika partikel-partikel koloid dapat bergerak dalam medan listrik, berarti partikel koloid tersebut bermuatan listrik. Jika sepasang elektrode dimasukkan ke dalam sistem koloid, partikel koloid yang bermuaran positif akan menuju elektrode negatif (katode) dan partikel koloid yang bermuatan negatif akan menuju elektrode positif (anode). Pergerakan partikel-partikel koloid dalam medan listrik ke masing-masing elektrode disebut <i>elektroforesis</i> . Dari penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa elektroforesis dapat digunakan untuk menentukan jenis muatan koloid.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>P</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ada sel elektroforesis, partikel-partikel koloid akan dinetralkan muatannya dan digumpalkan di bawah masing-rnasing elektrode. Di samping untuk menentukan muatan suatu partikel koloid, elektroforesis digunakan pula dalam industri, misalnya pembuatan sarung tangan dengan karet. Pada pembuatan sarung tangan ini, getah karet diendapkan pada cetakan berbentuk tangan secara elektroforesis. Elektroforesis juga digunakan untuk mengurangi pencemaran udara yang dikeluarkan melalui cerobong asap pabrik. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Metode ini pertama-tama dikembangkan oleh Frederick Cottrell (1877 - 1948) dari Amerika Serikat. Metode ini dikenal dengan <i>metode Cottrell</i> . Cerobong asap pabrik dilengkapi dengan suatu pengendap listrik (pengendap Cottrell), berupa lempengan logam yang diberi muatan listrik yang akan menggumpalkan partikel-partikel koloid dalam asap buangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. Absorpsi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Suatu partikel koloid akan bermuatan listrik apabila terjadi penyerapan ion pada permukaan partikel koloid tersebut. Contohnya, koloid Fe(OH)<sub> 3</sub>dalam air akan menyerap ion H<sup> +</sup> sehingga bermuatan positif, sedangkan koloid As<sub> 2</sub> S<sub> 3</sub> akan menyerap ion-ion negatif. Kita tahu bahwa peristiwa ketika permukaan suatu zat dapat menyerap zat lain disebut <i>absorpsi</i> . Berbeda dengan absorpsi pada umumnya, penyerapan yang hanya sampai ke bagian dalam di bawah permukaan suatu zat, suatu koloid mempunyai kemampuan mengabsorpsi ion-ion. Hal itu terjadi karena koloid tersebut mempunyai permukaan yang sangat luas. Sifat absorpsi partikel-partikel koloid ini dapat dimanfaatkan, antara lain sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Pemutihan gula pasir<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gula pasir yang masih kotor (berwarna coklat) diputihkan dengan cara absorpsi. Gula yang masih kotor dilarutkan dalam air panas, lalu dialirkan melalui sistem koloid, berupa mineral halus berpori atau arang tulang. Kotoran gula akan diabsorpsi oleh mineral halus berpori atau arang tulang sehingga diperoleh gula berwarna putih.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Pewarnaan serat wol, kapas, atau sutera<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Serat yang akan diwarnai dicampurkan dengan garam A1<sub> 2</sub> (SO<sub> 4</sub> )<sub> 3</sub>, lalu dicelupkan dalam larutan zat warna. Koloid Al(OH)<sub> 3</sub> yang terbentuk, karena A1<sub> 2</sub> (SO<sub> 4</sub> )<sub> 3</sub> terhidrolisis, akan mengabsorpsi zat warna.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Penjernihan air<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Air keruh dapat dijernihkan dengan menggunakan tawas (K<sub> 2</sub> SO<sub> 4</sub> A1<sub> 2</sub>(SO<sub> 4</sub> )<sub> 3</sub> ) yang ditambahkan ke dalam air keruh. Koloid Al(OH)<sub> 3</sub> yang terbentuk akan mengabsorpsi, menggumpalkan, dan mengendapkan kotoran-kotoran dalam air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d. Obat<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Serbuk karbon (norit), yang dibuat dalam bentuk pil atau tablet, apabila diminum dapat menyembuhkan sakit perut dengan cara absorpsi. Dalam usus, norit dengan air akan membentuk sistem koloid yang mampu mengabsorpsi dan membunuh bakteri-bakteri berbahaya yang menyebabkan sakit perut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e. Alat Pembersih (sabun)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membersihkan benda-benda dengan mencuci memakai sabun didasarkan pada prinsip absorpsi. Buih sabun mempunyai permukaan yang luas sehingga mampu mengemulsikan kotoran yang melekat pada benda yang dicuci.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">f. Koloid tanah liat mampu menyerap koloid humus<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid tanah dapat mengabsorpsi koloid humus yang diperlukan tumbuh-tumbuhan sehingga tidak terbawa oleh air hujan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5. Koagulasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koagulasi</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah proses penggumpalan partikel-partikel koloid. Proses koagulasi ini terjadi akibat tidak stabilnya sistem koloid. Sistem koloid stabil bila koloid tersebut bermuatan positif atau bermuatan negatif. Jika muatan pada sistem koloid tersebut dilucuti dengan cara menetralkan muatannya, maka koloid tersebut menjadi tidak stabil lalu terkoagulasi (menggumpal). Koagulasi dengan cara menetralkan muatan koloid dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1) Penambahan Zat Elektrolit<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika pada suatu koloid bermuatan ditambahkan zat elektrolit, maka koloid tersebut akan terkoagulasi. Contohnya, lateks (koloid karet) bila ditambah asam asetat, maka lateks akan menggumpal. Dalam koagulasi ini ada zat elektrolit yang lebih efisien untuk mengoagulasikan koloid bermuatan, yaitu sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid bermuatan positif lebih mudah dikoagulasikan oleh elektrolit yang muatan ion negatifnya lebih besar. Contoh; koloid Fe(OH)<sub> 3</sub> adalah koloid bermuatan positif, lebih mudah digumpalkan oleh H<sub> 2</sub> SO<sub> 4</sub>daripada HC1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Koloid bermuatan negatif lebih mudah dikoagulasikan oleh elektrolit yang muatan ion positifnya lebih besar. Contoh; koloid As<sub> 2</sub> S<sub> 3</sub> adalah koloid bermuatan negatif, lebih mudah digumpalkan oleh BaCl<sub> 2</sub> daripada NaCl<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2) Mencampurkan Koloid yang Berbeda Muatan<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bila dua koloid yang berbeda muatan dicampurkan, maka kedua koloid tersebut akan terkoagulasi. Hal itu disebabkan kedua koloid saling menetralkan sehingga terjadi gumpalan. Contoh, campuran koloid Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub> dengan koloid As<sub> 2</sub> S<sub> 3</sub> .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selain koagulasi yang disebabkan adanya pelucutan muatan koloid, seperti di atas, ada lagi proses koagulasi dengan cara mekanik, yaitu melakukan pemanasan dan pengadukan terhadap suatu koloid. Contohnya, pembuatan lem kanji, sol kanji dipanaskan sampai membentuk gumpalan yang disebut 1em kanji.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Di bawah ini beberapa contoh koagulasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan dalam industri.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembentukan delta di muara sungai.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hal ini terjadi karena koloid tanah liat akan terkoagulasi ketika bercampur dengan elektrolit dalam air laut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penggumpalan lateks (koloid karet) dengan cara menambahkan asam asetat ke dalam lateks.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol tanah liat (berbentuk lumpur) dalam air, yang membuat air menjadi keruh, akan menggumpal jika ditambahkan tawas. Ion Al<sup> 3+</sup> akan menggumpalkan koloid tanah liat yang bermuatan negatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6. Koloid Liofil dan Koloid Liofob<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adanya sifat absorpsi dan zat terdispersi (dengan fase padat) terhadap mediumnya (dengan fase cair), maka kita mengenal dua jenis sol, yaitu sol liofil dan sal liofob. <i>Sol liofil</i> ialah sol yang zat terdispersinya akan menarik dan mengabsorpsi molekul mediumnya. <i>Sol liofob</i> ialah sol yang zat terdispersinya tidak menarik dan tidak mengabsorpsi molekul mediumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bila sol tersebut menggunakan air sebagai medium, maka kedua jenis koloid tersebut adalah sol hidrofil dan sot hidrofob. Contoh koloid hidrofil adalah kanji, protein, sabun, agar-agar, detergen, dan gelatin. Contoh koloid hidrofob adalah sol-sol sulfida, sol-sol logam, sol belerang, dan sol Fe(OH)<sub> 3</sub> .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sol liofil lebih kental daripada mediumnya dan tidak terkoagulasi jika ditambah sedikit elektrolit. Oleh karena itu, koloid liofil lebih stabil jika dibandingkan dengan koloid liofob. Untuk menggumpalkan koloid liofil diperlukan elektrolit dalam jumlah banyak, sebab selubung molekul-molekul cairan yang berfungsi sebagai pelindung harus dipecahkan terlebih dahulu. Untuk memisahkan mediumnya, pada koloid liofil, dapat kita lakukan dengan cara pengendapan atau penguraian. Akan tetapi, jika zat mediumnya ditambah lagi, maka akan terbentuk koloid liofil lagi. Dengan kata lain, koloid liofil bersifat <i>reversibel</i> . Koloid liofob mempunyai sifat yang berlawanan dengan koloid liofil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7. Dialisis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk menghilangkan ion-ion pengganggu kestabilan koloid pada proses pembuatan koloid, dilakukan penyaringan ion-ion tersebut dengan menggunakan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">membran <i>semipermeabel</i> .</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proses penghilangan ion-ion pengganggu dengan cara menyaring menggunakan membran/selaput semipermeabel disebut <i>dialisis</i> . </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses dialisis tersebut adalah sebagai berikut. Koloid dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah kantong yang terbuat dari selaput semipermeabel. Selaput ini hanya dapat melewatkan molekul-molekul air dan ion-ion, sedangkan partikel koloid tidak dapat lewat. Jika kantong berisi koloid tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah tempat berisi air yang mengalir, maka ion-ion pengganggu akan menembus selaput bersama-sama dengan air. Prinsip dialisis ini digunakan dalam proses pencucian darah orang yang ginjalnya (alat dialisis darah dalam tubuh) tidak berfungsi lagi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">8. Koloid Pelindung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk sistem koloid yang kurang stabil, perlu kita tambahkan suatu koloid yang dapat melindungi koloid tersebut agar tidak terkoagulasi. Koloid pelindung ini akan membungkus atau membentuk lapisan di sekeliling partikel koloid yang dilindungi. Koloid pelindung ini sering digunakan pada sistem koloid tinta, cat, es krim, dan sebagainya; agar partikel-partikel koloidnya tidak menggumpal. Koloid pelindung yang berfungsi untuk menstabilkan emulsi disebut <i>emulgator</i> (zat pengemulsi). Contohnya, susu yang merupakan emulsi lemak dalam air, emulgatornya adalah kasein (suatu protein yang dikandung air susu). Sabun dan detergen juga termasuk koloid pehindung dari emulsi antara minyak dengan air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PEMBUATAN SISTEM KOLOID<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ukuran partikel koloid terletak antara partikel larutan sejati dan partikel suspensi. Oleh karena itu, sistem koloid dapat dibuat dengan mengelompokkan (agregasi) partikel larutan sejati atau menghaluskan bahan dalam bentuk kasar kemudian didispersikan kedalam medium pendispersi.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara Kondensasi</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara kondensasi termasuk cara kimia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">kondensasi<br />
Prinsip : Partikel Molekular ————–> Partikel Koloid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
Reaksi kimia untuk menghasilkan koloid meliputi :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">1. Reaksi Redoks</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">2 H2S(g) + SO2(aq) ® 3 S(s) + 2 H2O(l)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
2. Reaksi Hidrolisis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">FeCl3(aq) + 3 H2O(l) ® Fe(OH)3(s) + 3 HCl(aq)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
3. Reaksi Substitusi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">2 H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H2S(g) ® As2S3(s) + 6 H2O(l)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
4. Reaksi Penggaraman</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Beberapa sol garam yang sukar larut seperti AgCl, AgBr, PbI2, BaSO4 dapat membentuk partikel koloid dengan pereaksi yang encer.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">AgNO3(aq) (encer) + NaCl(aq) (encer) ® AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) (encer)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">CARA KONDENSASI</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Dengan cara kondensasi partikel larutan sejati (molekul atau ion) bergabung menjadi partikel koloid. Cara ini dapat diliakukan melalui reaksi-reaksi kimia, seperti reaksi redoks, hidrolisis, dekomposisi rangkap, atau dengan pergantian pelarut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">a Reaksi Redoks</span></i></strong><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Reaksi redoks adalah reaksi yang disertai perubahan bilangan oksidasi.<br />
Contoh : pembuatan sol belerang dari reaksi kimia antara hidrogen sulfida (H2S) dengan belerang dioksida (SO2), yaitu dengan mengalirkan gas H2S kedalam larutan SO2.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">2H2S + SO2 2H2O + 3S (koloid)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
Misalnya:<br />
- Sol emas atau sol Au dapat dibuat dengan mereduksi larutan garamnya dengan melarutkan AuCl3 dalam pereduksi organik formaldehida HCOH;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
2AuCl3 (aq) + HCOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) 2Au(s) + HCOOH(aq) + 6HCl(aq)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
- Sol belerang dapat dibuat dengan mereduksi SO2 yang terlarut dalam air dengan mengalirnya gas H2S:<br />
2H2S(g) + SO2 (aq) 3S(s) + 2H2O(l)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">b Hidrolisi</span></i></strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">s</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Hidrolisis adalah reaksi suatu zat dengan air.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
Contoh : pembuatan sol Fe(OH)3 dari hidrolisis FeCl3. apabila ke dalam air mendidih ditambahkan larutan FeCl3 akan terbentuk sol Fe(OH)3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe(OH)3 (koloid) + 3HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Hidrolisis adalah reaksi suatu zat dengan air. Misalnya:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
- Sol Fe(OH3) dapat dibuat dengan hidrolisis larutan FeCl3 dengan memanaskan larutan FeCl3 atau reaksi hidrolisis garam Fe dalam air mendidih;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
FeCl3 (aq) + 3H2O(l) Fe(OH) 3 (koloid) + 3HCl(aq)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
(Koloid Fe(OH)3 bermuatan positif karena permukaannya menyerap ion H+)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">- Sol Al(OH)3 dapat diperoleh dari reaksi hidrolisis garam Al dalam air mendidih;<br />
AlCl3 (aq) + 3H2O(l) Al(OH) 3 (koloid) + 3HCl(aq)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">c Dekomposisi Rangkap</span></i></strong><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Sol As2S3 dapat dibuat dari reaksi antara larutan H3AsO3 dengan larutan H2S<br />
2H3AsO3 + 3H2S As2S3 (koloid) + 6H2O<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Misalnya:<br />
- Sol As2S3 dibuat dengan gaya mengalirkan H2S dengan perlahan-lahan melalui larutan As2O3 dingin sampai terbentuk sol As2S3 yang berwarna kuning terang;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
As2O3 (aq) + 3H2S(g) As2O3 (koloid) + 3H2O(l)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
(Koloid As2S3 bermuatan negatif karena permukaannya menyerap ion S2-)<br />
- Sol AgCl dibuat dengan mencampurkan larutan AgNO3 encer dan larutan HCl encer;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
AgNO3 (ag) + HCl(aq) AgCl (koloid) + HNO3 (aq)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">d Penambahan (percikan) pelarut yang sukar larut</span></i></strong><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Apabila larutan jenuh kalsium asetat dicampur dengan alkohol akan terbentuk suatu koloid berupa gel.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">PENGGANTIAN PELARUT</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara ini dilakukan dengan mengganti medium pendispersi sehingga fasa terdispersi yang semulal arut setelah diganti pelarutanya menjadi berukuran koloid. Misalnya;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">untuk membuat sol belerang yang sukar larut dalam air tetapi mudah larut dalam alkohol seperti etanol dengan medium pendispersi air, belarang harus terlebih dahulu dilarutkan dalam etanol sampai jenuh. Baru kemudian larutan belerang dalam etanol tersebut ditambahkan sedikit demi sedikit ke dalam air sambil diaduk. Sehingga belerang akan menggumpal menjadi pertikel koloid dikarenakan penurunan kelarutan belerang dalam air.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Sebaliknya, kalsium asetat yang sukar larut dalam etanol, mula-mula dilarutkan terlebih dahulu dalam air, kemudianbaru dalam larutan tersebut ditambahkan etanol maka terjadi kondensasi dan terbentuklah koloid kalsium asetat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. </span></strong><strong><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">CARA DISPERSI</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Dengan cara dispersi, partikel kasar dipecah menjadi partikel koloid. Cara dispersi dapat dilakukan secara mekanik, peptisasi, atau dengan loncatan bunga listrik (cara busur Bredig).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara Dispersi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Prinsip : Partikel Besar —————-> Partikel Koloid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
Cara dispersi dapat dilakukan dengan cara mekanik atau cara kimia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara Mekanik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara ini dilakukan dari gumpalan partikel yang besar kemudian dihaluskan dengan cara penggerusan atau penggilingan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
2. Cara Busur Bredig</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara ini digunakan untak membuat sol-sol logam.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
3. Cara Peptisasi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara peptisasi adalah pembuatan koloid dari butir-butir kasar atau dari suatu endapan dengan bantuan suatu zat pemeptisasi (pemecah).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
Contoh:<br />
- Agar-agar dipeptisasi oleh air ; karet oleh bensin.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">- Endapan NiS dipeptisasi oleh H2S ; endapan Al(OH)3 oleh AlCl3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">a Cara Mekanik</span></i></strong><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333;">Menurut cara ini butir-butir kasar digerus dengan lumpang atau penggiling koloid sampai diperoleh tingkat kehalusan tertentu, kemudian diaduk dengan medium dispersi.<br />
Contoh : sol belerang dapat dibuat dengan menggerus serbuk belerang bersama-sama dengan suatu zat inert (seperti gula pasir), kemudian mencampur serbuk halus itu dengan air.<br />
Cara mekanik adalah penghalusan partikel-partikel kasar zat padat dengan proses penggilingan untuk dapat membentuk partikel-partikel berukuran koloid. Alat yang digunakan untuk cara ini biasa disebut penggilingan koloid, yang biasa digunakan dalam:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">industri makanan untuk membuat jus buah, selai, krim, es krim,dsb.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">Industri kimia rumah tangga untuk membuat pasta gigi, semir sepatu, deterjen, dsb.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">Industri kimia untuk membuat pelumas padat, cat dan zat pewarna.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">Industri-industri lainnya seperti industri plastik, farmasi, tekstil, dan kertas.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.7pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.7pt;"><span style="color: #333333;">Alat penggilingan koloid terdiri dari 2 pelat baja dengan arah rotasi berlawanan. Partikel kasar akan dimasukkan ke ruang antara kedua pelat tersebut dan selanjutnya digiling. Partikel berukuran koloid yang terbuntuk kemudian didispersikan dalam medium pendispersinya untuk membuat system koloid. Contoh koloid yang dibuat dalam proses ini ialah koloid grafit untuk pelumas, tinta cetak, cat, dan sol belerang.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.7pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">b Cara Mekanik</span></i></strong><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333;">Cara busur Bredig digunakan untuk membuat sol-sol logam. Logam yang akan dijadikan koloid digunakan sebagai elektrode yang dicelupkan dalam medium dispersi, kemudian diberi loncatan listrik di antara kedua ujungnya. Mula-mula atom-atom logam akan terlempar ke dalam air, lalu atom-atom tersebut mengalami kondensasi sehingga membentuk partikel koloid. Jadi cara busur ini merupakan gabungan cara dispersi dan cara kondensasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333;">Cara busur Bredig ini biasanya digunakan untuk membuat sol-sol logam, sperti Ag, Au, dan Pt. Dalam cara ini, logam yang akan diubah menjadi partikel-partikel kolid akan digunakan sebagai elektrode. Kemudian kedua logam dicelupkan ke dalam medium pendispersinya (air suling dingin) sampai kedua ujungnya saling berdekatan. Kemudian, kedua elektrode akan diberi loncatan listrik. Panas yang timbul akan menyebabkan logam menguap, uapnya kemudian akan terkondensasi dalam medium pendispersi dingin, sehingga hasil kondensasi tersebut berupa pertikel-pertikel kolid. Karena logam diubah jadi partikel kolid dengan proses uap logam, maka metode ini dikategorikan sebagai metode dispersi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333;">Logam yang akan diubah menjadi partikel-partikel koloid digunakan sebagai elektrode. Dua elektrode logam dicelupkan ke dalam medium pendispersi (air dingin) sedemikian sehingga kedua ujungnya saling berdekatan. Kemudian kedua elektrode diberi loncatan listrik. Panas yang timbul akan menyebabkan logam menguap. Uapnya kemudian akan terkondensasi dalam medium pendispersi dingin. Hasil kondensasi ini berupa partikel-partikel koloid.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">c Cara Peptisasi</span></i></strong><strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #333333;">Cara peptisasi adalah pembuatan koloid dari butir-butir kasar atau dari suatu endapan dengan bantuan suatu zat pemeptisasi (pemecah). Zat pemeptisasi memecahkan butir-butir kasar menjadi butir-butir koloid. Istilah peptisasi dikaitkan dengan peptonisasi, yaitu proses pemecahan protein (polipeptida) yang dikatalisis oleh enzim peptin.<br />
Contoh : agar-agar dipeptisasi oleh air, nitroselulosa oleh aseton, karet oleh bensin, dan lain-lain. Endapan NiS dipeptisasi oleh H2S dan endapan Al(OH)3 oleh AlCl3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="color: #333333;">Cara peptisasi adalah pembuatan koloid / sistem koloid dari butir-butir kasar atau dari suatu endapan / proses pendispersi endapan dengan bantuan suatu zat pemeptisasi (pemecah). Zat pemecah tersebut dapat berupa elektrolit khususnya yang mengandung ion sejenis ataupun pelarut tertentu.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br />
Contoh:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 64.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">Agar-agar dipeptisasi oleh air; karet oleh bensin.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 64.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">Endapan NiS dipeptisasi oleh H2S ; endapan Al(OH) 3 oleh AlCl3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 64.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">Sol Fe(OH) 3 diperoleh dengan mengaduk endapan Fe(OH) 33 yang baru terbentuk dengan sedikit FeCl3. Sol Fe(OH) 3 kemudian dikelilingi Fe+3 sehingga bermuatan positif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 64.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333;">Beberapa zat mudah terdispersi dalam pelarut tertentu dan membnetuk sistem</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;">kolid. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="color: #333333;">Contohnya; gelatin dalam air.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="color: #333333;">Cara peptisasi adalah proses dispersinya endapan menjadi system koloid dengan penambahan zat pemecah. Zat pemecah yang dimaksud adalah elektrolit, terutama yang mengandung ion sejenis, atau pelarut tertentu. Sebagai contoh: Jika pada endapan Fe(OH)3 ditambahkan elektrolit FeCl3 (mempunyai ion Fe3+ yang sejenis) maka Fe(OH)3 maka Fe(OH)3 akan mengadsorpsi ion-ion Fe3+ tersebut. Sehingga, endapan menjadi bermuatan positif dan memisahkan diri untuk membentuk partikel-partikel koloid.<br />
Beberapa contoh lain :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br />
- Sol NiS dibuat dengan penambahan H2S kedalam endapan NiS<br />
- Sol AgCl dibuat dengan penambahan HCl ke dalam endapan AgCl<br />
- Sol Al(OH)3 dibuat dengan penambahan AlCl3 ke dalam endapan Al(OH)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PLIKASI </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">K</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">OLOID DALAM </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">P</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ROSES </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">P</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ENJERNIHAN </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">IR</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 39.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem koloid merupakan suatu bentuk campuran (sistem dispersi) duaatau lebih zat yang bersifat homogen namun memiliki ukuran partikel terdispersiyang cukup besar (1 - 100 nm), sehingga terkena efek Tyndall.3Bersifat homogenberarti partikel terdispersi tidak terpengaruh oleh gaya gravitasi atau gaya lainyang dikenakan kepadanya; sehingga tidak mengalami pengendapan. Sifathomogen ini juga dimiliki oleh larutan, namun tidak dimiliki oleh campuran biasa(suspensi).</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sifat karakteristik koloid yang penting, yaitu sangat bermanfaat untukmencampur zat-zat yang tidak dapat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 198.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">saling melarutkan secara homogen danbersifat stabil untuk produksi skala besar. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 39.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Oleh karena sifat tersebut, sistem koloidbanyak kita jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama dalam prosespenjernihan air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 39.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 39.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses penjernihan air untuk mendapatkan air yang berkualitas telahdilakukan oleh manusia beberapa abad yang lalu. Pada tahun 1771, di dalam edisipertama Encyclopedia Britanica telah dibicarakan fungsi filter (filtrasi) sebagaisistem penyaring untuk mendapatkan air yang lebih jernih. Perkembanganselanjutnya dari proses pengolahan air minum, telah menghasilkan bahwapembubuhan zat pengendap atau penggumpal (koagulan) dapat ditambahkansebelum proses penyaringan (filtrasi). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 39.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 39.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selanjutnya proses penggumpalan yangditambahkan dengan proses pengendapan (sedimentasi) dan penyaringan (filtrasi)serta menggunakan zat-zat organik dan anorganik adalah merupakan awal daricara pengolahan air. Kini ilmu pengetahuan telah berkembang dengan cepatnya,telah diciptakan/didesain sarana pengolahan air minum dengan berbagai sistem.Sistem pengolahan air minum yang dibangun tergantung dari kualitas sumber airbakunya, dapat berupa pengolahan lengkap atau pengolahan sebagian. Pengolahanlengkap adalah pengolahan air minum secara fisik, kimia dan biologi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daftar Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koloid">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koloid</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://sistemkoloid.tripod.com/kegunaan.htm">http://sistemkoloid.tripod.com/kegunaan.htm</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://nabilahfairest.multiply.com/journal/item/38/koloid">http://nabilahfairest.multiply.com/journal/item/38/koloid</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://user.cbn.net.id/johanoni/koloid.htm">http://user.cbn.net.id/johanoni/koloid.htm</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia_sma1/kelas_x/koloid/">http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia_sma1/kelas_x/koloid/</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
Parning, dkk. 2006. Kimia SMA Kelas XI Semester Kedua. Jakarta : Yudhistira.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suharsini, Maria. 2005. Kimia dan Kecakapan Hidup. Jakarta : Ganesa Exact.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>zizigghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07412077352119954745noreply@blogger.com0